Fibonacci-emne

 

 

1. Tegn et kvadrat
2. Find X (midten) og forlæng den herfra til C
3. Lav cirkelbuen med radius |XC|
4. Forlæng |DC| til den skærer cirkelbuen i punktet F og tegn med dette nye punkt, rektanglet færdigt.
 
Biografi over Fibonacci     En anden biografi  
   
Links  
spirals
En hjemmeside med både historisk, matematisk og små modeller  
   
Per Nørgård - Det gyldne snit i natur og musik  
Sammenhængen mellem fibonaccitallene, det gyldne snit, det gyldne rektangel og  den logaritmiske spiral. Sjov grafik, ikke meget matematik
Hjemmeside om Fibonacci-tallenes historie og om forskellige modeller Omfattende
   
Det gyldnesnit og Fibonacci - lidt interaktivt  
   
MatLex - se nederst kort introduktion - kaninmodellen lidt anderledes formuleret
   
 
   

 

 

Vi tænker os en bakterie, der kan leve i 2 timer. I den første time er den "ung" og får 1 efterkommer. I den anden er den "gammel", får 1 efterkommer og dør.
Vi begynder med 1 gammel. Efter 1 time er den død, men erstattet af 1 ung. Efter yderligere 1 time har den ynglet og er blevet gammel. Ydeligere 1 time senere har vi 2 unge og 1 gammel.

Time for time ser det således ud: 1g = 1, 1u = 1, 1g + 1u = 2, 2u + 1g = 3, 3u + 2g = 5, o.s.v.

 

The original problem that Fibonacci investigated (in the year 1202) was about how fast rabbits could breed in ideal circumstances.

Fluffy bunnies

Suppose a newly-born pair of rabbits, one male, one female, are put in a field. Rabbits are able to mate at the age of one month so that at the end of its second month a female can produce another pair of rabbits. Suppose that our rabbits never die and that the female always produces one new pair (one male, one female) every month from the second month on. The puzzle that Fibonacci posed was...

How many pairs will there be in one year?
 

 

Chairs in a row: No Neighbouring Teachers

This time we have n chairs in a row and a roomful of people.

If you've ever been to a gathering where there are teachers present, you will know they always talk about their school/college (boring!). So we will insist that no two teachers should sit next to each other along a row of seats and count how many ways we can seat n people, if some are teachers T (who cannot be next to each other) and some are not N. The number of seating arrangements is always a Fibonacci number:
 

1 chair T or N 2 ways
2 chairs TN or NT or NN 3 ways
  since we do not allow TT
3 chairs TNT, TNN, NTN, NNT or NNN 5 ways
  this time TTN, NTT and TTT are not allowed.

You can write the sequences using T for Teacher and N for Normal people - oops - I mean Not-a-teacher !!

There will always be a Fibonacci number of sequences for a given number of chairs, if no two teachers T are allowed to sit next to each other!

 

Non-neighbour Groups

How often have the list of names in your class been read out in alphabetical order, or you have been asked to line up in alphabetical order for a fire-practice or when the results of a test are given out? The trouble with this is that you are always next to the same one or two people that are on either side of you in the alphabetical order - your alphabetical neighbours. You will have got to know them quite well over the course of a year, so this puzzle is about meeting other people who are not your alphabetical neighbours.
Suppose that part of the class is needed for a particular task or game. Let's also say that the group should contain no alphabetical neighbours in it, so it gives everyone in the group a chance to team up with new people.
In how many ways can you choose such a group from a class of N students?

For instance, if there are 3 people in the class, let's label them according to their position when in the alphabetical order, so they are 1, 2 and 3.

 

The puzzle is to select a group from the class
with no pair of successive numbers (positions) in the group.

So if 1 is in the group, then 2 cannot be and 3 may be or not; so we have the groups:

{1} and {1,3}


If 2 is in the group then, since both 1 and 3 are 2's alphabetical neighbours, then that group will consist of 2 alone!

{2}

If 3 is in the group then 2 cannot be and 1 may be. But remember that the group with 3 and 1 in it has already been included above! So we have the following possible new groups with 3 in:

{3}

All the possible groups of non-neighbours are:

{1,3}     {1}    {2}     {3}     {}

Did you notice that the group {} with nobody in it is a non-neighbour group too? So from a class of 3 people, there are 5 ways to pick a group consisting solely of non-neighbours. How many are there in a class of size 4? or 5? or 6? Why?